أخبار القارة الأوروبية – تقارير
أدت أسوأ موجة جفاف تشهدها أوروبا منذ عقود إلى تقلص الأنهار الرئيسية في القارة.
وأكد المراقبون أنه لأمر مؤلم بما يكفي أن ترى الممرات المائية العظيمة مثل لوار وبو والراين تقلصت في بعض الأماكن.
لكن الجفاف المستمر يكشف أيضًا عن مدى اعتماد أوروبا على هذه الأنهار في التجارة والطاقة والنقل.
نهر الراين..
تبخر نهر الراين مثير للقلق بشكل خاص بالقرب من فرانكفورت، ومن المتوقع أن ينخفض إلى أقل من 40 سم، وهذا سيجعله غير سالك بالنسبة لبعض السفن الكبيرة التي تحمل إمدادات النفط والفحم والغاز.
تعتمد محطات الطاقة الألمانية بشكل خاص على عمليات التسليم حيث تقيد روسيا تدفق الغاز، وقد يؤدي الجفاف إلى تفاقم أزمة الطاقة في البلاد.
كما أن فرنسا، التي تستخدم أكبر قدر من الطاقة النووية في الاتحاد الأوروبي، تعرضت مؤخرًا لمياه ساخنة على نهري الرون وغارون.
خلال الأسبوع الماضي، اضطرت شركة الكهرباء EDF إلى خفض الإنتاج في بعض محطات الطاقة الخاصة بها لأن درجات الحرارة كانت مرتفعة للغاية لاستخدام مياه النهر لتبريد المحطات.
في هذه الأثناء، تُظهر الصور المروعة جفاف نهر الراين في فرنسا بالقرب من مصبه في نانت.
يتدفق نهر الراين من جبال الألب السويسرية، ويمر من الحدود الفرنسية الألمانية، ومن ثم هولندا قبل الوصول إلى بحر الشمال، وهو جزء تكويني من أوروبا.
بالإضافة إلى تهديد طرق الشحن في ألمانيا، تسبب مستويات النهر المنخفضة الحالية مشاكل لأصحاب القوارب المنزلية في الفروع الموزعة، مثل نهر وال في هولندا.
نهر بو..
يكافح نهر بو، أطول نهر في إيطاليا، للحفاظ على اتساعه خلال أسوأ موجة جفاف تشهدها المنطقة الشمالية منذ 70 عامًا. اختفت المياه بالفعل من بعض الروافد، منبع تورين على سبيل المثال، ويوفر النهر الري لما يقرب من ثلث الإنتاج الزراعي في إيطاليا.
“جيوفاني داجيتا”، الذي يمتلك مزرعة أرز تبلغ مساحتها 325 هكتارًا في مقاطعة بافيا، أكد أن ”مستقبل الحصاد غير مؤكد“. ”الشيء المؤكد هو أنه إذا استمر هذا الجفاف فإنه سيلحق أضرارا جسيمة“.
نهر التايمز..
لم يتم الإعلان رسميًا عن جفاف نعر التايمز في إنجلترا حتى الآن – وهذا القرار بيد وكالة البيئة – لكن البلاد تشهد أسوأ جفاف منذ عام 1935.
وأكد الخبراء الأسبوع الماضي أن مصدر نهر التايمز قد جف للمرة الأولى، متحركًا لمسافة تزيد عن خمسة أميال في اتجاه مجرى النهر من نقطة انطلاقه الأصلية في جلوسيسترشاير.
اقرأ أيضا: بريطانيا تعلن حالة الطوارئ بسبب الجفاف
شركة ”Thames Water“، التي توفر المياه لأجزاء كبيرة من جنوب شرق إنجلترا ، هي أحدث شركة مرافق تعلن عن حظر استخدام خراطيم المياه.
نهر الدانوب..
انخفض منسوب مياه نهر الدانوب بالقرب من بودابست بمقدار 1.5 متر في الأسابيع الثلاثة الماضية، ولا يُتوقع هطول أمطار في أي وقت قريب.
أثار ارتفاع درجات حرارة المياه في ثاني أطول أنهار أوروبا قلق الخبراء.
وصلت درجة الحرارة إلى أكثر من 25 درجة مئوية لمدة سبعة أيام في منطقة بالاتينات العليا في بافاريا.
يمكن أن يتسبب تسخين النهر في انخفاض الأكسجين إلى ما بعد المستويات الصالحة للعيش بالنسبة للأسماك.
نهر غواديانا..
جعلت موجة الجفاف الطويلة والموجة الحارة يوليو الماضي أكثر الشهور سخونة في إسبانيا منذ بدء التسجيل في عام 1961.
أظهرت البيانات الرسمية أن هذه الظروف القاسية تركت الخزانات الإسبانية عند 40 في المئة فقط من السعة في المتوسط في أوائل أغسطس، وهو أقل بكثير من متوسط العشر سنوات البالغ حوالي 60 في المئة.
نهر لوار..
مع موجة حارة مبكرة في يونيو وشهر مايو حار وجاف بشكل غير عادي، وصل قاع لوار إلى مستوى أقل من المعتاد.
مستويات المياه منخفضة للغاية بحيث يمكن عبور النهر سيرًا على الأقدام في أماكن معينة.
ويعاني ثلثا فرنسا من أزمة جفاف، وتسببت أربع موجات حر في الآونة الأخيرة في حرائق الغابات لأسابيع وحولت نهر لوار العظيم إلى مجرى مائي في بعض الامتدادات.
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