أخبار القارة الأوروبية_ إسبانيا
تعاني إسبانيا من انكماش اقتصادي تسبب في زيادة معدلات الفقر وارتفاع أسعار العقارات والسلع بصورة كبيرة.
رغم تقديم الحكومة الإسبانية ثلاث حزم مساعدات العام الماضي لمواجهة آثار التضخم بقيمة 45 مليار يورو، إلا أن شريحة الفقراء ازدادت بحوالي 30 بالمئة تقريباً بحسب إحصائيات أممية وحكومية.
شريحة العوز كانت في السابق تقتصر على العاطلين عن العمل ومن ليس لهم دخل مادي، أصبحت اليوم تستوعب شرائح أكبر وفئات اجتماعية كانت تنعت بالميسورة سابقًا، لكنها أصيبت بالفقر الناجم عن التضخم وأزمات الطاقة.
أما التوقعات للعام الجاري، فتشير إلى معاناة إسبانيا من تضخم بنسبة 4.5% وارتفاع بالأسعار يجعل بعض المنتجات الأساسية بمثابة سلعٍ فاخرة، ويرفع معدلات الفقر، بحسب تقرير شركة “نوربولسا” الاستراتيجية لعام 2023.
إسبانيا توقف عشرات المتهمين باستغلال المهاجرين غير الشرعيين في الزراعة
هذا وتعاني أسبانيا بصورة أكبر من الدول الأوروبية الأخرى نتيجة أزمة الديون الكبيرة من بروكسل، والتي لا تتعامل معها الحكومة بعقلية علاجية لأزمة تتفاقم منذ عام 2008، وإنما تطيل أمدها لاعتبارات سياسية.
وضع عجز الحكومة عن سداد ديونها وإيجاد حلول لإيقاف ماراثون الانكماش، البلاد أمام احتمالية أزمة اقتصادية لم تشهدها دولة في منطقة اليورو منذ عقود، بحسب المؤشرات الاقتصادية.
ورغم إلغاء الحكومة لضريبة القيمة المضافة على السلع الأساسية بهدف دعم الأسر الأكثر فقرا والحد من ارتفاع الأسعار، ازدادت عدد الأسر التي تعاني من الفقر والتي غيرت عاداتها الشرائية وسلوكها الاستهلاكي.
وتحدثت تقارير جامعة “Esade Barcelona Pedralbes”، عن أن الإسبان الذين يقبعون تحت وضع معيشي سيئ أصبحوا أكثر من 7 ملايين إسباني.
ووجه الاتحاد الإسباني لبنوك الطعام (فيسبال) دعوة للمتطوعين في إسبانيا للعمل في البنوك المرتبطة به والبالغ عددها 54، مشيرًا إلى أن البنوك بحاجة إلى أكثر من 120 ألف متطوع لمساعدة فرقها وكوادرها الذين هم في أمس الحاجة للمساعدة في الوقت الحالي، بحسب تعبير الاتحاد.
الشعب الإسباني كان يهدر في السنوات السابقة ما يقارب الـ 1.3 مليون طن من الطعام كل عام، أي ما يعادل 31 كيلوغراما من الطعام الصالح للأكل لكل مواطن.
سياسات الحكومة موجهة بوضوح شديد نحو مساعدة أكثر الفئات حرماناً وأولئك الذين يعانون أكثر من غيرهم من عواقب الوضع الاقتصادي الصعب، بحسب كيرفانتيس، لكن المشكلة الأكبر هي عدم المساواة، والتي أدت لاستبعاد ما يقارب 30٪ عن الشريحة المستفيدة من المساعدات، وهم في أمس الحاجة إليها.
المساعدات بحسب مصادر صحفية قاصرة في بعض المناطق وأمام بعض الشرائح، حتى المصارف التي يجب أن تمارس دعمًا عبر الإقراض تحافظ على سياسة نقدية مقيدة للغاية، وبالتالي لن تعود الأسعار إلى المستويات التي يمكن اعتبارها صحية، وبرأيي لن نبلغ تلك المرحلة حتى عام 2024 أو 2025 على الأقل.
يذكر أن الشعب الإسباني كان يهدر في السنوات السابقة ما يقارب الـ 1,36 مليون طن من الطعام كل عام، أي ما يعادل 31 كيلوغرامًا من الطعام الصالح للأكل لكل مواطن؛ الأمر الذي دفع الدولة لسن قوانين رادعة لهذا الهدر الغذائي.
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