أخبار القارة الأوروبية – فرنسا
وعدت رئيسة الوزراء الفرنسية، “إليزابيث بورن”، بأن حكومتها لن تدع أسعار الطاقة “تنفجر”، وأن تخفف “الزيادات” مع انفجار الأسعار في الأسواق.
رئيسة الوزراء الفرنسية أكدت أن “حكومتها سوف تحتفظ بآليات للتخفيف من ارتفاع أسعار الطاقة وستتخذ إجراءات محددة لدعم الفئات الأكثر هشاشة”.
كما لوّحت باستعداد الحكومة لفرض ضرائب على الشركات، التي تحقق أرباحاً استثنائيه، مبينة أنه “لن يفهم أحد أنّ الشركات تحقق أرباحاً استثنائية على الرغم من أنّ الفرنسيين قد يكونون قلقين بشأن قوتهم الشرائية”.
وأضافت رئيسة الوزراء الفرنسية أنها لن “تغلق الباب” أمام فرض ضرائب على “الأرباح الفائقة” للشركات، بينما تفضل أن تقوم الشركات، حال استطاعتها، من “خفض الأسعار للمستهلك، وإعطاء القوة الشرائية لموظفيها”.
اقرأ أيضا: النوع الاجتماعي.. جدل واسع في فرنسا بعد إعلان يظهر رجلا حاملا
وبينت أن “على الجميع تحمل المسؤولية في الوقت الراهن. أولاً وقبل كل شيء، يجب على الشركات التي تحقق أرباحًا فائقة أن تعيد القوة الشرائية للفرنسيين من خلال حشد الإجراءات التي تم التصويت عليها مطلع أغسطس الجاري مثل زيادة علاوة القوة الشرائية ثلاث مرات، والمعروفة باسم (علاوة ماكرون) من دون رسوم اجتماعية أو ضرائب”.
وأعلنت رئيسة الوزراء الفرنسية عن إطلاق “الصندوق الأخضر” بقيمة 1.5 مليار يورو، مشيرة إلى أنه سيخصص للسلطات المحلية لمساعدتها في مكافحة تغير المناخ و تسريع التحول البيئي.
هذا واقترحت أن يتم استخدام هذا الصندوق من أجل “إعادة تأهيل الأراضي القاحلة للحد من الزحف العمراني” أو “تجديد المباني العامة مثل مدارس معينة” أو إعادة “الطبيعة إلى المدن”.
وفيما يتعلق باستخدام الطائرات الخاصة شديدة التلوث؛ أكدت إليزابيث بورن أنه “يجب على مالكي الطائرات الخاصة، مثل أي شخص آخر، المشاركة في الحد من تأثير غازات الاحتباس الحراري.
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Accreditation and its Rigorous Criteria
COSC, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the authorized Switzerland testing agency that verifies the accuracy and precision of wristwatches. COSC validation is a symbol of quality craftsmanship and dependability in timekeeping. Not all timepiece brands seek COSC accreditation, such as Hublot, which instead adheres to its own demanding standards with mechanisms like the UNICO calibre, achieving similar precision.
The Science of Exact Chronometry
The core system of a mechanized timepiece involves the spring, which supplies energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be vulnerable to external factors that may influence its precision. COSC-certified mechanisms undergo demanding testing—over 15 days in various circumstances (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and reliability. The tests measure:
Typical daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, peak variation levels, and impacts of temperature changes.
Why COSC Validation Is Important
For timepiece fans and connoisseurs, a COSC-validated timepiece isn’t just a item of tech but a proof to enduring excellence and accuracy. It represents a timepiece that:
Provides excellent dependability and accuracy.
Provides guarantee of quality across the entire design of the watch.
Is likely to retain its value better, making it a smart investment.
Famous Chronometer Brands
Several well-known brands prioritize COSC validation for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, presents collections like the Record and Soul, which feature COSC-validated mechanisms equipped with cutting-edge substances like silicone balance springs to enhance durability and performance.
Historical Context and the Evolution of Timepieces
The idea of the chronometer dates back to the requirement for accurate chronometry for navigational at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the 18th cent. Since the official establishment of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the certification has become a standard for judging the precision of high-end timepieces, maintaining a legacy of superiority in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-validated timepiece is more than an aesthetic choice; it’s a commitment to excellence and accuracy. For those valuing accuracy above all, the COSC validation offers peacefulness of mind, guaranteeing that each accredited timepiece will perform dependably under various circumstances. Whether for individual contentment or as an investment, COSC-validated watches stand out in the world of horology, maintaining on a tradition of meticulous timekeeping.
Brands that manufacture chronometer watches
Understanding COSC Certification and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Validation and its Demanding Criteria
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the official Swiss testing agency that certifies the precision and accuracy of wristwatches. COSC validation is a sign of excellent craftsmanship and dependability in timekeeping. Not all watch brands pursue COSC certification, such as Hublot, which instead adheres to its own stringent standards with movements like the UNICO, achieving equivalent accuracy.
The Art of Exact Timekeeping
The central mechanism of a mechanical timepiece involves the mainspring, which supplies power as it unwinds. This system, however, can be vulnerable to external elements that may affect its precision. COSC-validated movements undergo strict testing—over 15 days in various conditions (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and dependability. The tests measure:
Typical daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, highest variation rates, and effects of temperature variations.
Why COSC Accreditation Is Important
For watch enthusiasts and collectors, a COSC-certified watch isn’t just a piece of technology but a demonstration to lasting excellence and accuracy. It symbolizes a watch that:
Presents exceptional dependability and accuracy.
Offers assurance of quality across the complete construction of the watch.
Is likely to maintain its value more effectively, making it a wise choice.
Famous Timepiece Manufacturers
Several famous manufacturers prioritize COSC certification for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, provides collections like the Record and Spirit, which showcase COSC-certified movements equipped with cutting-edge materials like silicone balance springs to enhance resilience and efficiency.
Historic Background and the Evolution of Chronometers
The idea of the chronometer dates back to the requirement for accurate timekeeping for navigation at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the 18th cent. Since the official establishment of COSC in 1973, the validation has become a benchmark for judging the accuracy of luxury watches, continuing a tradition of superiority in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-accredited watch is more than an visual selection; it’s a dedication to excellence and precision. For those appreciating accuracy above all, the COSC accreditation provides peace of thoughts, ensuring that each validated timepiece will perform reliably under various circumstances. Whether for individual contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-certified timepieces stand out in the world of watchmaking, bearing on a legacy of careful timekeeping.
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Rolex watches
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Certification and its Stringent Criteria
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the official Switzerland testing agency that attests to the precision and accuracy of timepieces. COSC validation is a symbol of superior craftsmanship and reliability in chronometry. Not all watch brands follow COSC accreditation, such as Hublot, which instead follows to its own demanding standards with movements like the UNICO, attaining comparable accuracy.
The Art of Exact Chronometry
The central mechanism of a mechanized watch involves the spring, which supplies energy as it loosens. This mechanism, however, can be vulnerable to external factors that may impact its precision. COSC-validated mechanisms undergo strict testing—over fifteen days in various conditions (five positions, 3 temperatures)—to ensure their durability and reliability. The tests measure:
Typical daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, maximum variation levels, and effects of thermal variations.
Why COSC Accreditation Is Important
For timepiece aficionados and connoisseurs, a COSC-accredited timepiece isn’t just a piece of technology but a proof to enduring excellence and accuracy. It symbolizes a watch that:
Offers outstanding reliability and precision.
Provides assurance of superiority across the entire design of the watch.
Is likely to retain its value more efficiently, making it a sound investment.
Well-known Chronometer Manufacturers
Several renowned brands prioritize COSC accreditation for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, presents collections like the Archive and Spirit, which highlight COSC-certified mechanisms equipped with advanced substances like silicon equilibrium suspensions to improve resilience and performance.
Historic Context and the Evolution of Chronometers
The idea of the timepiece originates back to the need for exact timekeeping for navigation at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth cent. Since the formal establishment of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the certification has become a benchmark for evaluating the precision of high-end timepieces, continuing a legacy of excellence in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-certified timepiece is more than an visual selection; it’s a commitment to excellence and precision. For those valuing precision above all, the COSC accreditation provides tranquility of thoughts, guaranteeing that each validated timepiece will function dependably under various conditions. Whether for individual contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-accredited watches distinguish themselves in the world of horology, maintaining on a legacy of precise timekeeping.