أخبار القارة الأوروبية_ بولندا
أقر مكتب الرئيس البولندي أن خطأ وقع في تحديد شخصية المتصل بالرئيس البولندي، ” أندريه دودا”.
مكتب الرئيس أوضح أن “دودا” اعتقد أنه يتحدث مع نظيره الفرنسي “إيمانويل ماكرون” في حين اتضح أنه تحدث مع مخادع روسي.
فعندما تحدّث الرئيس البولندي الأسبوع الماضي عن انفجار صاروخ في قرية بولندية لشخص اعتقد أنه نظيره الفرنسي، كان في الواقع يتحدث إلى مخادع روسي.
دعم غربي لبولندا بعد أنباء سقوط صواريخ روسية على أراضيها
وأكّد مكتب الرئيس “أندريه دودا” الثلاثاء (22 نوفمبر)، حصول المكالمة الأسبوع الماضي بعدما تم تداول تسجيل صوتي قال مخادعَان روسيان على الإنترنت إنهما وراءه.
ويملك الزوجان تاريخا في خداع شخصيات بارزة ويعتقد أن لهما صلات بأجهزة الأمن الروسية.
وغرّد مكتب “دودا”: “عقب الانفجار الصاروخي في بجيفودوف، وخلال مكالمات متواصلة مع رؤساء دول وحكومات، كانت هناك مكالمة مع شخص يدّعي أنه الرئيس الفرنسي “إيمانويل ماكرون””.
وأضاف “أدرك “دودا” من خلال الطريقة التي كان يجري بها المتصل المحادثة أنها ربما كانت محاولة للاحتيال وأغلق الهاتف”.
وردا على سؤال عما إذا كانا وراء المكالمة، أكد المخادعان الروسيان “فوفان ولكزس”: “قلنا ذلك على كل وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي… ونشرنا مقطع فيديو”.
وفي المكالمة التي أجريت يوم 15 نوفمبر، ادعى شخص بلكنة روسية أنه “ماكرون” تحدث هو “ودودا” عنالانفجار الصاروخي القاتل قرب الحدود الأوكرانية في وقت سابق من ذلك اليوم.
ويُعتقد الآن على نطاق واسع أن الانفجار نجم عن صاروخ أطلقته الدفاعات الأوكرانية، رغم أن التكهنات الأولية وجهت أصابع الاتهام إلى روسيا.
دودا تحدث في المكالمة: “أهلا إيمانويل… شكرا على مكالمتك، الوضع صعب جدا كما تعلم”، وأضاف أن الانفجار نجم عن صاروخ “أطلق ولا نعرف من المسؤول” وأنه ينتظر نتائج التحقيق.
وتابع “”إيمانويل”، صدقني، أنا شديد الحذرن أنا لا ألوم الروس … لا أريد خوض حرب مع روسيا”.
وبين “دودا” أن بولندا لا تفكر في التمسك بالمادة 5 من المعاهدة التأسيسية لحلف شمال الأطلسي (ناتو) التي تطلب من الدول الأعضاء مساعدة بعضها في حال وقوع هجوم على إحداها.
كما سئل الرئيس البولندي أيضا عن المزاعم الروسية بأن أوكرانيا تستعد لاستخدام قنابل قذرة. وأجاب “أنا متخوّف أكثر من بعض المشكلات مع محطات الطاقة النووية في أوكرانيا… أنا متخوّف أكثر من كارثة نووية“.
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Accreditation and its Demanding Criteria
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the official Switzerland testing agency that attests to the accuracy and precision of wristwatches. COSC certification is a symbol of excellent craftsmanship and trustworthiness in chronometry. Not all timepiece brands follow COSC validation, such as Hublot, which instead sticks to its proprietary demanding standards with mechanisms like the UNICO, attaining similar precision.
The Art of Precision Timekeeping
The central mechanism of a mechanized watch involves the mainspring, which delivers energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be susceptible to external factors that may influence its precision. COSC-validated movements undergo demanding testing—over fifteen days in various circumstances (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their durability and dependability. The tests measure:
Mean daily rate precision between -4 and +6 secs.
Mean variation, peak variation rates, and effects of thermal variations.
Why COSC Certification Matters
For watch enthusiasts and collectors, a COSC-accredited watch isn’t just a piece of technology but a testament to lasting excellence and accuracy. It signifies a timepiece that:
Presents outstanding dependability and accuracy.
Provides confidence of quality across the complete design of the watch.
Is apt to hold its worth better, making it a sound investment.
Well-known Timepiece Brands
Several famous manufacturers prioritize COSC validation for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Archive and Spirit, which highlight COSC-accredited mechanisms equipped with innovative substances like silicone balance springs to boost resilience and efficiency.
Historic Context and the Evolution of Timepieces
The notion of the timepiece dates back to the need for precise chronometry for navigation at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the 18th century. Since the official establishment of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the certification has become a yardstick for evaluating the accuracy of high-end timepieces, maintaining a legacy of excellence in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-validated timepiece is more than an visual choice; it’s a dedication to quality and accuracy. For those appreciating precision above all, the COSC accreditation offers peace of mind, guaranteeing that each validated timepiece will operate reliably under various circumstances. Whether for individual satisfaction or as an investment, COSC-certified watches stand out in the world of horology, carrying on a tradition of meticulous chronometry.
Understanding COSC Validation and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Certification and its Stringent Standards
COSC, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the authorized Switzerland testing agency that verifies the accuracy and precision of wristwatches. COSC validation is a mark of excellent craftsmanship and dependability in timekeeping. Not all timepiece brands pursue COSC validation, such as Hublot, which instead sticks to its proprietary demanding criteria with mechanisms like the UNICO, reaching comparable accuracy.
The Science of Precision Chronometry
The central system of a mechanized watch involves the spring, which provides energy as it loosens. This mechanism, however, can be susceptible to external elements that may impact its precision. COSC-validated mechanisms undergo demanding testing—over fifteen days in various conditions (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their durability and dependability. The tests evaluate:
Typical daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 secs.
Mean variation, highest variation rates, and effects of thermal changes.
Why COSC Accreditation Matters
For watch enthusiasts and collectors, a COSC-certified timepiece isn’t just a item of tech but a proof to enduring excellence and accuracy. It symbolizes a timepiece that:
Presents excellent dependability and accuracy.
Provides assurance of superiority across the whole design of the timepiece.
Is probable to maintain its worth better, making it a sound investment.
Famous Timepiece Brands
Several renowned brands prioritize COSC certification for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, presents collections like the Record and Spirit, which highlight COSC-validated mechanisms equipped with innovative materials like silicon equilibrium springs to improve durability and efficiency.
Historical Background and the Evolution of Timepieces
The notion of the timepiece originates back to the need for precise chronometry for navigation at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the 18th cent. Since the official establishment of COSC in 1973, the accreditation has become a yardstick for evaluating the precision of luxury timepieces, maintaining a legacy of excellence in watchmaking.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-certified timepiece is more than an aesthetic choice; it’s a dedication to quality and precision. For those appreciating accuracy above all, the COSC certification provides peacefulness of mind, guaranteeing that each certified watch will function reliably under various circumstances. Whether for individual contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-accredited timepieces stand out in the world of watchmaking, carrying on a legacy of precise chronometry.
Understanding COSC Validation and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Certification and its Stringent Standards
COSC, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the official Switzerland testing agency that attests to the accuracy and accuracy of timepieces. COSC accreditation is a mark of quality craftsmanship and reliability in chronometry. Not all timepiece brands pursue COSC certification, such as Hublot, which instead adheres to its own demanding standards with movements like the UNICO calibre, reaching comparable accuracy.
The Art of Precision Timekeeping
The central mechanism of a mechanical watch involves the spring, which delivers energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be prone to environmental elements that may impact its precision. COSC-validated mechanisms undergo rigorous testing—over fifteen days in various conditions (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and reliability. The tests assess:
Average daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 secs.
Mean variation, highest variation rates, and effects of temperature variations.
Why COSC Accreditation Is Important
For timepiece aficionados and collectors, a COSC-validated timepiece isn’t just a piece of technology but a demonstration to lasting excellence and accuracy. It represents a timepiece that:
Provides excellent reliability and precision.
Provides assurance of quality across the whole construction of the timepiece.
Is likely to hold its value more effectively, making it a wise investment.
Popular Timepiece Manufacturers
Several well-known brands prioritize COSC validation for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Record and Soul, which feature COSC-certified movements equipped with cutting-edge materials like silicon balance springs to enhance resilience and efficiency.
Historic Context and the Evolution of Chronometers
The notion of the timepiece originates back to the requirement for accurate chronometry for navigation at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth cent. Since the formal establishment of COSC in 1973, the validation has become a benchmark for evaluating the accuracy of luxury timepieces, continuing a legacy of superiority in watchmaking.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-validated timepiece is more than an visual choice; it’s a commitment to excellence and accuracy. For those appreciating accuracy above all, the COSC certification offers tranquility of thoughts, ensuring that each validated timepiece will operate dependably under various circumstances. Whether for individual contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-certified timepieces stand out in the world of watchmaking, bearing on a tradition of careful chronometry.
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Brands that manufacture chronometer watches
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Watchmaking
COSC Validation and its Rigorous Standards
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the authorized Switzerland testing agency that certifies the accuracy and accuracy of timepieces. COSC certification is a symbol of quality craftsmanship and dependability in timekeeping. Not all watch brands seek COSC certification, such as Hublot, which instead follows to its proprietary demanding standards with mechanisms like the UNICO calibre, reaching comparable accuracy.
The Science of Precision Timekeeping
The core mechanism of a mechanized timepiece involves the mainspring, which provides energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be prone to external elements that may influence its accuracy. COSC-certified mechanisms undergo demanding testing—over fifteen days in various conditions (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and dependability. The tests evaluate:
Average daily rate precision between -4 and +6 secs.
Mean variation, highest variation rates, and effects of thermal changes.
Why COSC Accreditation Is Important
For timepiece aficionados and connoisseurs, a COSC-certified watch isn’t just a item of technology but a testament to enduring quality and precision. It symbolizes a watch that:
Presents excellent dependability and precision.
Offers assurance of quality across the whole design of the watch.
Is likely to maintain its worth better, making it a sound investment.
Famous Timepiece Brands
Several famous brands prioritize COSC certification for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Archive and Soul, which highlight COSC-validated movements equipped with advanced substances like silicon balance suspensions to improve durability and efficiency.
Historical Background and the Evolution of Timepieces
The notion of the chronometer originates back to the requirement for exact timekeeping for navigation at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the 18th century. Since the official foundation of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the validation has become a yardstick for assessing the accuracy of luxury watches, maintaining a tradition of excellence in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-validated watch is more than an visual selection; it’s a commitment to quality and accuracy. For those valuing precision above all, the COSC certification offers peace of mind, ensuring that each certified watch will operate dependably under various conditions. Whether for personal contentment or as an investment decision, COSC-validated timepieces stand out in the world of watchmaking, bearing on a legacy of careful timekeeping.
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